The purpose of this task is to develop a working knowledge of nursing theory, nursing ethics, and professional accountability and apply these concepts to your professional clinical practice
C304 Task 1
The purpose of this task is to develop a working knowledge of nursing theory, nursing ethics, and professional accountability and apply these concepts to your professional clinical practice. You will be required to think about real-life scenarios and how they relate to nursing codes in your professional practice.
Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. An originality report is provided when you submit your task that can be used as a guide.
You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.
A. Identify a nursing theory that has influenced your values and goals.
1. Explain how nurses apply the identified theory from part A to implement excellent nursing practices.
2. Discuss how the identified theory from part A fits your professional practice.
B. Identify the contributions of two historical nursing figures in the nineteenth or twentieth century.
1. Compare the differences in contributions of the two historical figures identified in part B.
2. Describe how the contributions of the two historical figures influence your professional nursing practice.
C. Explain the functional differences between the State Board of Nursing and the American Nurses Association (ANA).
1. Define the roles of these two organizations.
2. Explain how these two organizations influence your nursing practice.
3. Explain the requirements for professional license renewal in your state.
a. Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain license requirements in your state.
4. Compare the differences between registered nursing license requirements in a compact state versus a non-compact state.
D. Discuss the functional differences between the Food and Drug Administration and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (see the web links below).
1. Discuss how the two regulatory agencies influence your professional nursing practice.
a. Describe your role as a patient advocate in promoting safety when a patient has requested to use an alternative therapy.
E. Discuss the purposes of the Nurse Practice Act in your state and its impact on your professional practice.
1. Discuss the scope of practice for a RN in your state.
2. Discuss how your state defines delegation for the RN.
F. Apply each of the following roles to your professional practice:
• a scientist
• a detective
• a manager of the healing environment
G. Identify two provisions from the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics (see web link below).
1. Analyze how the two provisions identified in part G influence your professional nursing practice.
2. Describe a nursing error that may occur in a clinical practice (e.g., clinical setting, skills lab, or simulation).
a. Explain how the ANA provisions identified in part G can be applied to the error discussed in part G2.
H. Identify four leadership qualities or traits that represent excellence in nursing.
1. Discuss the significance of the four leadership qualities identified in part H in the nurse’s role as each of the following:
• a leader at the bedside
• within a nursing team or interdisciplinary team
2. Identify how your work environment impacts the following:
• nursing leadership
• decision making
• professional development
I. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.
J. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.
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Expert Answer and Explanation
Professional Accountability
Professional accountability within the context of nursing entails the core values and aspects that underpin the professionalism required in nursing practice. As a nurse, one is required to make decisions, and based on professional judgment and be responsible and accountable for the outcomes that are obtained from the actions. Nurses should also take charge of the working environment, demonstrate awareness of their tasks, and be in a position to provide facts and figures that make them answerable to the codes of ethics that define professional accountability.
A. Nursing Theory
The nursing theory that has influenced my goals and values through the practice is the interpersonal theory by Hildegard Peplau. The theory has been beneficial as is it based on the mode of psychodynamic nursing where I can comprehend personal behaviors and help patients through their difficult times (Deane, & Fain, 2016). The theory aids in the creation of proper human relations and nurse-patient interactions towards the achievement of proper patient outcomes.
A1. Excellent Nursing Practices
Nurses can make use of the theory when focusing on patient-centered treatment and care. With the adoption of evidence-based practice, nurse-patient interaction is expected to increase to ensure the collection of sufficient information to make informed decision-making (Deane, & Fain, 2016). The interpersonal theory enables the nurse to emphasize with the patient and understand their need is a more personalized manner. This improves professionalism and increases the rate of patient outcome or satisfaction.
A2. Professional Practice Nursing Theory
The interpersonal theory fits the nursing practice since nurses interact with different stakeholders daily. Self-awareness ensures that the nurse can manage interprofessional interaction and well as nurse-patient interactions. In my professional practice, the setting is the same where I interact with patients, physicians, and other staff daily and the theory helps in efficient correspondence with the different people.
B. Historical Nursing Figures
One of the main historical nursing figures is Dorothy Lynde Dix whose main contribution to nursing has been hailed until the modern world. She is considered as a crusader, reformer, humanitarian, and educator (Jones, & Bartlett Learning, 2016). Another historical figure is Lavinia Lloyd Dock who is remembered for being a community health advocate, author, and suffragette.
B1. Differences in Contribution
Dorothea Dix in her contributions led to the construction of more than thirty mental health institution that helped to take care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Dix led to the reforms int eh health care sector and improved the quality of care for the patients (Jones, & Bartlett Learning, 2016). Similarly, Lavinia Dock contributed to the nursing profession by coming up with the first and early manuals for drugs that other nurses could use to prescribe and administer medication. Both historical figures championed the improvement of quality of care and patient outcome.
B2. Influence on my Practice
The historical figures have a direct influence on my professional nursing practice as they offer motivation to better and offer improved and quality care to the patients. With the help of the knowledge from the books authored and the drug manual, I am well versed with the requirements for patients care and dealing with patients with different conditions.
C. State Board of Nursing Versus ANA
The main difference between the two entities is that the State Board of Nursing is focused on the regulation of the state bard nursing practices through the issuing of nursing practice licenses (Olson, & Stokes, 2016). ANA on the other hand is responsible for nurse advocacy and also sets ethical standards that determine the leadership skills and daily nurse practice.
C1. Roles of The Organizations
The primary role of the state board of nurses is to ensure that practicing nurses meet the minimum educational requirements and issue licenses and examinations based on merit. The board also monitors the nurse conduct and has the power to suspend or revoke the license. ANA plays a key role in the protection of nurses and patients through advocacy and establishing ethical guidelines of practice (Olson, & Stokes, 2016). ANA is also responsible for the health and wellness of the nurses and promoting an ethical work environment.
C2. Influence of the Organization
The state board affects my professional practice as they determine when I am allowed to practice. Maintaining good conduct and performing my tasks in line with the policies and regulation helps me to maintain my license. The ANA affects my practice by advocating for a conducive working environment and better capacity to offer quality care.
C3. The requirement for License Renewal
To renew a nursing professional license in Georgia, the initial requirement is to complete 30 CE hours followed by the maintenance of certification in any national certifying body. The renewal attracts a $6 non-refundable license renewal fee. The transaction is conducted online through the Georgia Board of Nursing website.
C3a. Failure to Maintain License Requirements. The nurse professional licenses have an expiry date that has to be maintained can be renewed after they expire. The process of renewal requires a minimum of 30 hours where the nurse can be renewed (Clement, 2018). Failure to maintain can attract a fine decided by the board and the nurse might lose the ability to practice until they finish a refresher course and renew their license.
C4. Compact Versus Non-Compact State
The difference between the license requirements for a compact and non-compact state is based on the functional modality of the license. Nurse Licensure Compact license allows the nurse to only have one license that can be used in an of the member states of NLC compact states. In non-compact states, a nurse has to make an application for licensure which is made through the endorsement by the state board of nursing.
D. Agencies Functional Differences
The FDA has the sole purpose of protecting the interests of public health by focusing on the efficacy, security, and safety of human and veterinary drugs, medical devices, and biological products. The FDA also protects the safety of the national food supply, deodorant or cosmetics, and regulation of radiation-emitting products (Philippidis, 2018). Conversely, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is mainly focused on the administration of healthcare programs such as CHIP, Medicare, and Medicaid by collecting data, analyzing reports, and eliminates abuse and fraudulent activities in the system of healthcare.
D1. Influence of Professional Practice
The FDA influences my professional practice by determining the type of proper medication to use when dealing with patients manifesting different health complications. The agency also ensures the control of drugs and substances used in the hospital (Philippidis, 2018). The CMS influences my practice by ensuring integrity when discharging patients and only billing them for the services rendered. The agency conducts audits that have too be professional and meet the expected budget control.
D1a. Nurse’s Role as Patient Advocate. When a patient requests to make use of alternative treatment, my role as a nurse if to offer professional advice and explain to the patient the advantages and disadvantages of the decision. I would also offer patient education and offer other options that might be effective and in line with the FDA regulation and meets the coverage of the CMS without being fraudulent (Philippidis, 2018). This intervention would be aligned with advocating for between medical treatment for the patient and improved satisfaction.
E. Purposes of the Nurse Practice Act
In Georgia, the Nursing practice act plays the man purpose of protecting, preserving, and promoting public health, welfare, and safety by offering legislative control and regulation for RN practice and education (Kruschke, 2018). The NPA also provides the authority for the regulation of the enforcement of law within a BON or an administrative agency mandated with the maintenance of balance between the responsibility of nurses to protect the public health and the rights to practice nursing. The NPA can then be used by the BON to come up with the nursing scope of practice and the extent to which medical care can be practiced before it is considered to be harmful to the public or the patient.
E1. Scope of Practice
The scope of practice of an RN in Georgia is limited to the promotion, protection, and optimization of health among the patients. Nurses can also engage in preventive programs by playing a role in the prevention of injury or illness, facilitate healing relieve suffering, and advocate for patients’ needs including those of the family and community in general (Kruschke, 2018). The scope is not limited to the hospital setting but any place there is a patient in need of medical care and the RN is within the capacity to assist.
E2. Rules for Effective Delegation
Delegations entail the assigning care provision of a patient to a person who is consistent with the allowable scope and qualifications of practice. Different guidelines determine the delegation process in Georgia. For the sake of safety, the RN needs to determine the aspects that will be delegated which can be achieved through the definition of responsibilities and scope (Kruschke, 2018). It is also important to choose the right professional to delegate the task, offer clarification for the desired outcome, define the responsibilities, and ensure subsequent meeting s for follow up purposes.
F. Application of Nursing Roles
Scientist. As a nurse, taking the role of the researcher to discover experiment on the best practices to respond to an issue has helped me with providing quality care (Mitchell, K., Rekiere, J., & Grassley, 2020). With the availably of evidence-based practice, I can analyze the patient in terms of preference and treatment options and make use of the patterns form the EBP outcome to make an informed decision on the best-recommended approach to use.
Detective. The skills of a detective are important in my daily task as I can observe patients for changes that are minor and they might not have recognized. For instance, a patient cannot be able to observe the discoloration of their eyes without a mirror. This improves the diagnosis and patient interaction as I can ask the right questions that will invoke clear and relevant responses.
Manager of the Healing Environment. With the managerial expertise of a healing environment, I can offer a comfortable setting where the patient will be able to recuperate (Mitchell, K., Rekiere, J., & Grassley, 2020). This includes the understanding of the requirements in terms of the temperature of the room, noise, lights, and other essential features that improve patient recovery.
G. ANA Code of Ethics Provision
From the American Nurses Association code of ethics, the first provision that I identified was provision 2 that defines the primary commitment of a nurse is to the patient. The second is provision 3 which iterates that a nurse is responsible for promoting, protecting, and advocating for the rights, safety, and health of the patient.
G1. Analysis of Provisions
The two provisions influence my professional nursing practice as they dictate my responsibilities as a nurse. When I am assigned a patient, I have to take full responsibility for their care and be accountable for the outcomes that arise based on my care approaches. However, I have to ensure that I uphold the best treatment models available (Olson, & Stokes, 2016). Aspects such as patient privacy, professional boundaries, and conflict of interest have to be addressed on time to prevent challenges with providing care. Ensuring that the patient is protected and their privacy and confidential information safeguard is also a key priority for me as an RN.
G2. Clinical Practice Error
An error that can occur during clinical practice includes misdiagnosis leading to the wrong prescription of medication to the patient. The majority of misdiagnosis occurs in the illnesses that present the same symptoms and require extreme observation to differentiate the illnesses.
G2a. Application of ANA Provisions. Through the application of the ANA, provisions can be used to mitigate the impact of the error by offering guidelines to follow to create awareness or delegate the issue (Olson, & Stokes, 2016). The provision requires that the nurse would advocate for and also protect the safety and health of the patient.
In the event of medical misdiagnosis and prescription of wrong medication, advocacy can occur through reporting the issue to the next higher authority who will then ensure rectification of the issue and proper treatment of the patient. As a nurse, one should be committed to the patient whether it is an individual community of population. ensuring that the error with the medication of the individual patient will facilitate in upholding the primary commitment of the nurse.
H. Leadership Qualities or Traits
Nursing professions if focused on interacting with several people and providing quality care. This model of professional operation makes it unique that other careers and requires a different and effective set of leadership qualities (Carragher, & Gormley, 2017). The four qualities that represent excellence in nursing include dependability, enthusiasm, intelligence, and decisiveness.
H1. Demonstration of Nursing Leadership Qualities or Traits
Dependability as a nurse leadership trait is essential towards being reliable and trustworthy. Other lower level patients and nurses can then lookup to the leaders and find inspiration to work harder. Enthusiasm provides the leader with the capacity to be involved with care and improved service delivery to both the organization and the nurse practitioners.
Enthusiasm also facilitates the will to offer quality care throughout the patient stay at the hospital. Intelligence is critical for decision making and understanding the needs of the patients within the hospital setting. As a leader, intelligence can also assist with conflict resolution and offering advocacy to other NPs (Carragher, & Gormley, 2017). Decisiveness, is the fourth traits of leadership that help assign tasks that are suited to the members and improve cohesion within the team. A leader can also offer best working strategies dependent on the skills and expertise of the member.
H2. Work Environment
My work environment has various impacts on the activities of the nurses and how they interact with each other. For instance, nurse leadership has control over the staff since the environment provides collaboration and teamwork. The work environment is made of interdisciplinary personnel that has a direct impact on decision-making either regarding a patient or quality improvement (Carragher, & Gormley, 2017). The availability of workplace promotion and meeting new professional experts from different fields has an impact on professional development. These impacts of the workplace are crucial for the growth and development of an RN ad they advance their career.
Conclusion
RNs have the mandate to demonstrate professional accountability for their actions as they attend to patients and interact with other health care staff. Some various guidelines and bodies help enforce accountability among the RNs. As an RN, one should strive to be an advocate for their patient, improve the quality of work to ensure patient advocacy. Adhering to the guideline and regulations stipulated by the state is important for nurses as it can lead to the revocation of practice licenses.
References
Carragher, J., & Gormley, K. (2017). Leadership And Emotional Intelligence In Nursing And Midwifery Education And Practice: A Discussion Paper. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 73(1), 85-96.
Clement, D. M. (2018). Factors Influencing Georgia Legislators’ Decision-Making On Nurse Practitioner Scope Of Practice. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 19(3-4), 91-99.
Deane, W. H., & Fain, J. A. (2016). Incorporating Peplau’s Theory Of Interpersonal Relations To Promote Holistic Communication Between Older Adults And Nursing Students. Journal Of Holistic Nursing, 34(1), 35-41.
Jones, İ., & Bartlett Learning, L. L. C. (2016). Foundations Of Professional Nursing Practice. Ascent Leaning Cmpany. 1-48.
Kruschke, C. (2018). Licensed Practical Nurse Practice Acts Across The Country. In Leadership Skills For Licensed Practical Nurses Working With The Aging Population (Pp. 141-185). Springer, Cham.
Mitchell, K., Rekiere, J., & Grassley, J. S. (2020). The Influence Of Undergraduate Research Assistant Experiences On Future Nursing Roles. Journal Of Professional Nursing, 36(3), 128-133.
Olson, L. L., & Stokes, F. (2016). The ANA Code Of Ethics For Nurses With Interpretive Statements: Resource For Nursing Regulation. Journal Of Nursing Regulation, 7(2), 9-20.
Philippidis, A. (2018). Parallel Lines: FDA, CMS Pursue Concurrent Reviews For ‘Innovative’ Diagnostics. Clinical Omics, 5(1), 16-18.
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