Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.
FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS:
Focus on type 2 diabetes and the medication group: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA).
REQUIRED READINGS:
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
- Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415)
- Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424)
American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf
This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes.
ANSWER
Types of Diabetes, Treatment, and Effects
Diabetes is a group of health conditions that occur when the body does not utilize the produced insulin or when the pancreas makes adequate insulin. There are four types of diabetes, including, type 1, gestational, and type 2 diabetes. Their difference can be identified from their definition. Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is a form of diabetes where the patient’s body does not release enough insulin into the bloodstream (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). On the other hand, type 2 diabetes results when the body does not use the produced insulin appropriately. Gestational diabetes is often recorded during pregnancy, where the blood glucose raises beyond normal.
Type 2 diabetes can be treated using metformin drugs. The drug is prepared by acquiring metformin hydrochloride solution found in water and clarifying it by treating it with charcoal. Then, the residue is obtained by removing water. The residue is then treated with C1-C4 alcohol to get slurry. The last step is slurry pulverizing to get dimethylamine free metformin (American Diabetes Association, 2017). The drug works by reducing the level of glucose production in the patient’s body. The drug is produced in a tablet form, and thus the patient is required to swallow orally with a glass full of water.
Apart from the medical intervention, one can treat the disease using non-medical means. The first way is physical activity in a move to lose weight. American Diabetes Association (2028) report that weight loss can also help one improve blood glucose in the body. Also, eating healthy meals can help a type 2 diabetic patient recover. The patient should eat food with fewer calories, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates. Instead, the patient should eat food rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables. If not treated, the disease can cause cancer, affect the circulation system, and kidney. Metformin can cause stomach side effects during the first weeks of its usage.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2017). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes care, 40(Supplement 1), S11-S24. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-S005
American Diabetes Association. (2018). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes care, 41(Supplement 1), S13-S27. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fdiabetes%2Fdata%2Fstatistics-report%2Fprevalence.html
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